The Full Narrative of Holy Week & The Passion

PALM SUNDAY — 9th of Nisan

1. Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem — Jesus rides a donkey from Bethany over the Mount of Olives. Crowds spread cloaks and palm branches, crying Hosanna and Psalm 118: "Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD." Fulfills Zechariah 9:9.
2. Jesus weeps over Jerusalem — "If you had known the things that make for peace..." (Luke 19:41-44)
3. Jesus enters the Temple, looks around, and returns to Bethany for the night (Mark 11:11)

MONDAY — 10th of Nisan

1. Cursing of the fig tree — on the road from Bethany. "May no one ever eat fruit from you again" (Mark 11:12-14)
2. Cleansing of the Temple — Jesus overturns tables of money-changers and merchants. "My house shall be called a house of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers" (Matthew 21:13). Chief priests and scribes begin seeking to destroy him.
3. Returns to Bethany for the night

TUESDAY — 11th of Nisan

1. The withered fig tree — disciples see it dried up. Jesus teaches on faith and prayer (Mark 11:20-25)
2. Authority challenged in the Temple — chief priests, scribes, and elders demand to know by what authority he acts. Jesus answers with the question about John's baptism (Mark 11:27-33)
3. Parables of judgment — Parable of the Two Sons, Parable of the Wicked Tenants, Parable of the Wedding Feast (Matthew 21-22)
4. Controversies in the Temple — Pharisees and Herodians test him on paying taxes to Caesar ("Render unto Caesar..."). Sadducees question him on the resurrection. A scribe asks about the greatest commandment (Mark 12:13-34)
5. Jesus's question — "Whose son is the Christ?" — silences all challengers (Mark 12:35-37)
6. Denunciation of the scribes and Pharisees — the seven woes: "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites..." (Matthew 23)
7. The widow's offering — two small coins, "more than all the others" (Mark 12:41-44)

Olivet Discourse

1. The Olivet Discourse — on the Mount of Olives, Jesus prophesies the destruction of the Temple, the signs of the end, the tribulation, the coming of the Son of Man, and the final judgment. Parables of the Ten Virgins, the Talents, and the Sheep and the Goats (Matthew 24-25 / Mark 13 / Luke 21)

1. Judas agrees to betray Jesus — goes to the chief priests. They offer 30 pieces of silver (Matthew 26:14-16). Fulfills Zechariah 11:12-13.

WEDNESDAY — 12th of Nisan

1. The silent day — no events recorded in the Gospels. Tradition holds Jesus rested in Bethany. Sometimes called "Spy Wednesday" for Judas's conspiracy.

THURSDAY — 13th of Nisan (evening begins 14th of Nisan)

1. Preparation of the Passover — Jesus sends Peter and John: follow a man carrying a water jar. He leads them to a house with a large upper room, furnished. They prepare the meal (Luke 22:7-13 / Mark 14:12-16)
2. The Anointing at Bethany — a woman (Mary of Bethany in John 12) anoints Jesus with costly nard. Judas objects. Jesus: "She has done this for my burial" (John 12:1-8 / Matthew 26:6-13). Some traditions place this on Saturday or Tuesday.
3. Foot washing — Jesus rises from the table, removes his outer garment, wraps a towel around his waist, washes the disciples' feet. Peter refuses. Jesus: "If I do not wash you, you have no part with me." "If I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet" (John 13:1-17)
4. Reclining at table — Passover meal begun. "I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer" (Luke 22:15)
5. Announcement of betrayal — "One of you will betray me." The Beloved Disciple leans on Jesus's breast. Jesus dips the morsel and gives it to Judas. "After the morsel, Satan entered into him." Jesus: "What you are going to do, do quickly." Judas goes out. "And it was night" (John 13:21-30)
6. Institution of the Eucharist — Jesus takes bread, gives thanks, breaks it: "This is my body, given for you. Do this in remembrance of me." Takes the cup: "This is my blood of the new covenant, poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." "I will not drink again of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's Kingdom" (Matthew 26:26-29 / Mark 14:22-25 / Luke 22:19-20 / 1 Corinthians 11:23-26)

The Farewell Discourse

1. longest recorded speech of Jesus (John 13-16). "A new commandment I give you: love one another." "I am the way, the truth, and the life." "He who has seen me has seen the Father." Promise of the Paraclete. "I am the vine, you are the branches." "Greater love has no one than this: to lay down his life for his friends." "In the world you will have tribulation. But take heart: I have overcome the world."
2. The High Priestly Prayer — Jesus prays aloud for himself, for the disciples, and for all future believers. "Father, the hour has come." "That they may be one, as we are one." "Sanctify them in the truth; your word is truth" (John 17)
3. Hymn sung — the Hallel (Psalms 115-118). They go out to the Mount of Olives (Matthew 26:30)
4. Prediction of Peter's denial — "Before the cock crows, you will deny me three times" (Matthew 26:34). Peter protests. All disciples say the same.
5. Agony in Gethsemane — Jesus takes Peter, James, and John deeper in. "My soul is very sorrowful, even to death." Prays three times: "Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me. Nevertheless, not as I will, but as you will." Angel appears strengthening him (Luke 22:43). Sweat like drops of blood. Returns three times to find disciples asleep. "The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak." Third return: "The hour has come" (Matthew 26:36-46)
6. The Arrest — Judas arrives with a crowd bearing swords, clubs, lanterns, and torches. The kiss of betrayal. Jesus: "Friend, do what you came to do." Peter draws a sword, cuts off the ear of Malchus, the high priest's servant. Jesus heals the ear (Luke 22:51). "Put your sword back. Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?" "All who take the sword will perish by the sword." All disciples flee. The young man who flees naked (Mark 14:51-52).

THURSDAY NIGHT / FRIDAY BEFORE DAWN — 14th of Nisan

1. Jesus before Annas — taken first to Annas, father-in-law of Caiaphas the high priest. Preliminary interrogation (John 18:12-14, 19-24)
2. Trial before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin — false witnesses brought. Jesus silent. The high priest: "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?" Jesus: "I am, and you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven." Caiaphas tears his robes: "Blasphemy!" The court condemns him to death. They spit in his face, strike him, blindfold him, mock him: "Prophesy! Who hit you?" (Matthew 26:57-68 / Mark 14:53-65)
3. Peter's denial — in the courtyard below. Three times Peter denies knowing Jesus. The cock crows. Jesus turns and looks at Peter. Peter goes out and weeps bitterly (Luke 22:54-62)

FRIDAY MORNING — 14th of Nisan (Good Friday)

1. Morning council — the Sanhedrin formally ratifies the death sentence at dawn (Luke 22:66-71)
2. Judas's remorse and death — returns the 30 pieces of silver: "I have sinned by betraying innocent blood." They refuse it. He throws the silver into the Temple and hangs himself. The priests buy the Potter's Field with the blood money. Fulfills Zechariah 11:12-13 and Jeremiah 32:6-9 (Matthew 27:3-10). Acts 1:18-19 gives a different account of Judas's death.
3. Jesus before Pontius Pilate (first hearing) — "Are you the King of the Jews?" Jesus: "You have said so." "My kingdom is not of this world." Pilate finds no fault in him (John 18:28-38 / Luke 23:1-5)
4. Jesus before Herod Antipas — Pilate sends Jesus to Herod (Luke only). Herod questions him. Jesus gives no answer. Herod's soldiers mock him and dress him in a gorgeous robe. Sends him back to Pilate (Luke 23:6-12)
5. Jesus before Pilate (second hearing) — Pilate declares Jesus innocent again. Offers the crowd a choice: Jesus or Barabbas. The crowd, stirred by the chief priests, demands Barabbas. "Crucify him!" Pilate's wife sends a message: "Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I have suffered much because of him today in a dream" (Matthew 27:19). Pilate washes his hands: "I am innocent of this man's blood." The crowd: "His blood be on us and on our children" (Matthew 27:24-25)
6. Scourging — Pilate has Jesus flogged. Roman flagellation with the flagrum (Matthew 27:26)
7. Mocking by the soldiers — stripped, dressed in a scarlet/purple robe, crown of thorns pressed onto his head, reed placed in his hand as a scepter. "Hail, King of the Jews!" They spit on him, strike him on the head with the reed, kneel in mock homage (Matthew 27:27-31)
8. Ecce Homo — Pilate presents Jesus to the crowd: "Behold the man!" (Idou ho anthropos). They cry: "Crucify him!" (John 19:4-6)
9. Pilate hands Jesus over to be crucified

FRIDAY — THE WAY OF THE CROSS

1. Jesus carries his cross — led out bearing the crossbeam toward Golgotha (John 19:17)
2. Simon of Cyrene — compelled to carry the cross for Jesus (Matthew 27:32 / Mark 15:21 / Luke 23:26). Mark identifies him as the father of Alexander and Rufus.
3. The Daughters of Jerusalem — women weep for him along the road. Jesus: "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children" (Luke 23:27-31)

FRIDAY — THE CRUCIFIXION (approx. 9 AM to 3 PM)

1. Arrival at Golgotha — "the Place of the Skull" (Kranion in Greek, Calvaria in Latin). Jesus is offered wine mixed with gall/myrrh; he tastes it but refuses to drink (Matthew 27:33-34)
2. The Crucifixion — Jesus is nailed to the cross, between two criminals. The titulus is placed above: INRI — Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (John 19:19). "It was the third hour" — approximately 9 AM (Mark 15:25)
3. "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do" — the first word from the cross (Luke 23:34)
4. Soldiers cast lots for his seamless garment — fulfills Psalm 22:18 (John 19:23-24)
5. The crowd mocks — "He saved others; he cannot save himself." "If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross" (Matthew 27:39-44)
6. The penitent thief — one criminal reviles Jesus; the other rebukes him: "We are receiving what our deeds deserve, but this man has done nothing wrong. Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom." Jesus: "Truly I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise" — the second word (Luke 23:39-43)
7. Jesus sees his mother and the Beloved Disciple at the foot of the cross. "Woman, behold your son." To the disciple: "Behold your mother" — the third word (John 19:25-27)
8. Darkness over the land — from the sixth hour (noon) to the ninth hour (3 PM). Three hours of darkness (Matthew 27:45 / Mark 15:33 / Luke 23:44)
9. "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" — Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani? The fourth word. Psalm 22:1. Bystanders think he calls for Elijah (Matthew 27:46-47 / Mark 15:34-35)
10. "I thirst" — the fifth word. A sponge soaked in sour wine is raised to his lips on a reed. Fulfills Psalm 69:21 (John 19:28-29)
11. "It is finished" — Tetelestai — the sixth word (John 19:30)
12. "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit" — the seventh word. Jesus cries out with a loud voice and breathes his last (Luke 23:46)
13. The death of Jesus — approximately 3 PM, the ninth hour. The moment of the Passover lamb's slaughter in the Temple.
14. The veil of the Temple is torn in two, from top to bottom (Matthew 27:51 / Mark 15:38)
15. Earthquake — rocks split, tombs opened, bodies of saints raised (Matthew 27:51-53)
16. The centurion's confession — "Truly this man was the Son of God" (Mark 15:39)
17. The piercing of Jesus's side — a soldier thrusts a lance into his side; blood and water flow out. Fulfills Zechariah 12:10 and Psalm 34:20 — "not a bone of him shall be broken" (John 19:31-37)

FRIDAY EVENING — BURIAL

1. Joseph of Arimathea asks Pilate for the body — a secret disciple, member of the Sanhedrin (Matthew 27:57-58)
2. Deposition from the Cross — the body is taken down (Mark 15:46)
3. Nicodemus brings myrrh and aloes, about 75 pounds (John 19:39)
4. Burial — the body is wrapped in a clean linen shroud, placed in Joseph's own new rock-hewn tomb. A great stone is rolled over the entrance (Matthew 27:59-60)
5. The women watch — Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses see where he is laid (Mark 15:47)

SATURDAY — 15th of Nisan (Holy Saturday)

1. The Sabbath rest — the disciples observe the Sabbath. Jesus lies in the tomb.
2. The guard at the tomb — chief priests and Pharisees ask Pilate to secure the tomb: "That impostor said, 'After three days I will rise.'" Pilate grants a guard. They seal the stone (Matthew 27:62-66)
3. The Harrowing of Hell — (1 Peter 3:18-20, 4:6; Apostles' Creed: "He descended into hell"). Christ descends to the realm of the dead, preaches to the imprisoned spirits, and liberates the righteous souls of the Old Testament.

SUNDAY — EASTER / RESURRECTION

1. The earthquake and the angel — an angel descends, rolls away the stone, sits upon it. "His appearance was like lightning, his clothing white as snow." The guards tremble and become like dead men (Matthew 28:2-4)
2. The women at the empty tomb — Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, Salome, and others come at dawn with spices. They find the stone rolled away, the tomb empty. An angel (or two angels): "He is not here. He is risen, as he said. Come, see the place where he lay. Go, tell his disciples and Peter" (Matthew 28:5-7 / Mark 16:1-7 / Luke 24:1-8)
3. Peter and the Beloved Disciple run to the tomb — the Beloved Disciple arrives first, looks in, sees the linen cloths. Peter enters, sees the cloths and the face cloth folded separately. "He saw and believed" (John 20:1-10)
4. Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene — she remains weeping at the tomb. Sees two angels. Turns and sees Jesus but does not recognize him. Jesus: "Mary." She: "Rabboni!" Jesus: "Do not cling to me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father. Go to my brothers and say to them, 'I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God'" (John 20:11-18). The Noli me tangere.
5. Jesus appears to the other women — they clasp his feet and worship him (Matthew 28:9-10)
6. The guard's report — the soldiers tell the chief priests. They are bribed to say the disciples stole the body while they slept (Matthew 28:11-15)
7. The road to Emmaus — two disciples walk to Emmaus, about seven miles from Jerusalem. Jesus joins them but they do not recognize him. He opens the Scriptures to them, beginning with Moses and all the prophets. At supper, he takes bread, blesses and breaks it — their eyes are opened. He vanishes. "Did not our hearts burn within us while he talked to us on the road?" They return to Jerusalem (Luke 24:13-35)
8. Jesus appears to Peter — mentioned but not narrated (Luke 24:34 / 1 Corinthians 15:5)
9. Jesus appears to the disciples (Thomas absent) — evening of Easter Sunday. Doors locked for fear. Jesus stands among them: "Peace be with you." Shows them his hands and side. Breathes on them: "Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven" (John 20:19-23 / Luke 24:36-43)

THE FOLLOWING SUNDAY

1. Jesus appears to Thomas — "Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe." Thomas: "My Lord and my God!" Jesus: "Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed" (John 20:26-29)

THE FORTY DAYS — POST-RESURRECTION APPEARANCES

1. Jesus appears at the Sea of Galilee — the miraculous catch of 153 fish. Breakfast on the shore. The threefold restoration of Peter: "Simon, son of John, do you love me?" Three times. "Feed my sheep." Prophecy of Peter's death. Peter asks about the Beloved Disciple: "What is that to you? You follow me" (John 21)
2. Jesus appears to over 500 at once (1 Corinthians 15:6)
3. Jesus appears to James (1 Corinthians 15:7)
4. The Great Commission — on a mountain in Galilee. "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age" (Matthew 28:16-20)
5. Final teaching — Jesus opens their minds to understand the Scriptures. "Thus it is written, that the Christ should suffer and on the third day rise from the dead, and that repentance for the forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things" (Luke 24:44-48)
6. The promise of the Holy Spirit — "You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth" (Acts 1:8)

THE ASCENSION — 40 days after Easter

1. Jesus leads them out to Bethany / the Mount of Olives. He lifts his hands and blesses them. While blessing them, he is taken up, and a cloud receives him out of their sight (Luke 24:50-51 / Acts 1:9)
2. Two men in white — "Men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into heaven? This Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will come in the same way as you saw him go" (Acts 1:10-11)
3. The disciples return to Jerusalem with great joy. They remain continually in the Temple, praising God (Luke 24:52-53)

THE TEN DAYS OF WAITING

1. The Upper Room — the disciples, the women, Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers devote themselves to prayer (Acts 1:12-14)
2. Matthias chosen — to replace Judas among the Twelve. Lots are cast; Matthias is selected (Acts 1:15-26)

PENTECOST — 50 days after Easter

1. The descent of the Holy Spirit — they are all together in one place. A sound like a mighty rushing wind fills the house. Divided tongues as of fire appear and rest on each of them. They are all filled with the Holy Spirit and begin to speak in other tongues (Acts 2:1-4)
2. Peter's sermon — addresses the crowd in Jerusalem. Quotes Joel 2:28-32 and Psalm 16. Proclaims the death, resurrection, and exaltation of Jesus. "God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified" (Acts 2:14-36)
3. "What shall we do?" — "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit" (Acts 2:37-38)
4. Three thousand baptized — the birth of the Church (Acts 2:41)

The Passion

The word Passion comes from the Latin patior — to suffer, to bear, to endure. In its original and deepest sense, it does not mean emotional fervor but the willingness to undergo — to receive what is given, to hold what is unbearable, to submit without resistance to the full weight of the human condition and the divine will behind it.

Passion can mean the suffering, but it can also mean the love. The two are not separate. What Christ endured on the cross was not mere punishment but the total outpouring of divine love into the darkest place of the human story. The Passion is love made visible in the form of suffering — love that does not turn away, that does not defend itself, that absorbs the sin and violence of the world and returns only forgiveness. "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do."

The Passion in its narrowest sense refers to the events from the Agony in Gethsemane through the death on the cross — the final hours. In its broader sense, and as used on this page, it encompasses the entire arc of Holy Week: from the Triumphal Entry on Palm Sunday through the Crucifixion, Burial, Resurrection, Ascension, and the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. It is the complete mystery of Christ's surrender, death, and glorification.

The four canonical Gospels each tell the Passion from a different angle. Matthew emphasizes the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy. Mark is stark, compressed, almost cinematic in its economy. Luke is the most tender, attentive to mercy and to the marginal figures — the penitent thief, the weeping women, the centurion's confession. John is the most theological, presenting Jesus as sovereign and knowing throughout, the Lamb who lays down his own life of his own will.

The Name "Passion"

The Latin passio (from patior, "to suffer, undergo, endure") was the word used in the earliest Latin translations of the Gospels — the Old Latin versions of the second and third centuries, and then definitively in Jerome's Vulgate (late fourth century) — to render the Greek concept of Christ's suffering and death. The Greek New Testament itself doesn't use a single technical term for the whole sequence; it speaks of Christ's pathēmata (sufferings), his stauros (cross), and the verb paschein ("to suffer"). Acts 1:3 is a key passage: meta to pathein auton — "after his suffering" — which the Vulgate rendered post passionem suam. That phrase, passio, became the standard Latin theological term, and from there it entered every European language.

So the word was in liturgical and theological use from at least the second century in Latin-speaking Christianity. By the time the Passion narratives were read aloud during Holy Week liturgies — a practice attested from at least the fourth century in Jerusalem (the pilgrim Egeria describes the readings around 381-384 AD) — Passio was the established name.

Patior in Latin carries not just "to suffer" but "to allow, to submit, to undergo willingly." It's a verb of receptivity, not resistance. The entire drama of the Passion is that Jesus could have resisted: "Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels?" (Matthew 26:53) But chose not to. The Passion is defined by voluntary submission. And that voluntary submission is the love.

The modern English word "passion" as intense love or desire comes from the same root — but it arrived by a different route, through the medieval courtly love tradition and the idea that the lover is one who suffers for the beloved. The connection between eros, agape, and suffering runs deep in the Western tradition, and the Passion of Christ sits at its absolute center — the archetype behind all of it.

As a story: betrayal, a last supper among friends, a garden prayer at midnight, a kiss that is also a weapon, a trial rigged by the powerful, an innocent man condemned, the crowd choosing the criminal, the long walk carrying the instrument of death, darkness at noon, the veil torn, earthquake, three days of silence, and then — the stone rolled away and the garden filled with light. It is “the greatest story ever told”. It has every element: love, betrayal, sacrifice, political intrigue, cosmic darkness, and the reversal of death itself. It is the supreme expression of the hero’s journey raised up to divinity and enacted as a initiatic drama and expression of eternal Truth.

Arma Christi

The Arma Christi — the "weapons of Christ" — are the objects associated with the Passion in Christian symbolism and art. The term arma carries a double meaning: these are the heraldic arms of the King of Kings, the insignia of his suffering and victory, and they are also weapons — the instruments by which Christ achieved his conquest over sin, death, and Satan. What the world intended as tools of torture became, in the mystery of the Passion, the very means of redemption.

In medieval and Renaissance art, the Arma Christi appear on shields, altarpieces, manuscripts, and devotional objects. They are arranged like a coat of arms around the Cross, forming a sacred heraldry of suffering and triumph. The tradition reaches back to at least the ninth century and became especially prominent in the late Middle Ages, when devotion to the Passion intensified across Western Christendom.

The Principal Instruments

• The Cross — the central instrument, on which Jesus was crucified. Depicted alone or with the crosses of the two thieves. The True Cross, discovered according to tradition by St. Helena in Jerusalem.
• The Crown of Thorns — pressed onto his head by the Roman soldiers in mockery of his kingship.
• The Pillar of the Flagellation — the column to which Jesus was bound during the scourging.
• The Whips — the flagrum or scourges used for the 39 lashes of Roman flagellation.
• The Holy Sponge — set on a reed, soaked in sour wine (vinegar), raised to his lips on the cross.
• The Holy Lance — the spear with which a Roman soldier pierced his side, releasing blood and water. Known also as the Lance of Longinus.
• The Nails — three or four, driven through his hands and feet.
• The Veil of Veronica — the cloth with which a woman named Veronica wiped his face on the Way of the Cross, receiving the miraculous imprint of his features.

Secondary Instruments

• The Reed — placed in his hand as a mock scepter during the soldiers' mockery.
• The Purple Robe — draped on him in parody of royal garments.
• The *Titulus Crucis — the inscription nailed above the cross: INRI — Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum*, "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews." Written in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew.
• The Holy Grail — the chalice of the Last Supper. In some traditions, Joseph of Arimathea used it to catch Christ's blood at the crucifixion.
• The Seamless Robe — the garment woven in one piece, for which the soldiers cast lots rather than tear it. Fulfills Psalm 22:18.
• The Dice — with which the soldiers gambled for the robe.
• The Rooster — that crowed after Peter's third denial.
• The Vessel of Gall and Vinegar — the bitter drink offered to Jesus on the cross.
• The Ladder — used for the Deposition, the taking down of the body from the cross.
• The Ropes — used for the raising of the cross into position.
• The Hammer — used to drive the nails.
• The Pincers — used to extract the nails after death.
• The Vessel of Myrrh — the ointment brought by Nicodemus and the Myrrhbearers for the anointing and burial.
• The Shroud — the linen cloth in which the body was wrapped for burial.
• The Sun and Moon — representing the three hours of darkness that covered the land during the crucifixion.
• The Thirty Pieces of Silver — the price of Judas's betrayal.
• The Lanterns and Torches — carried by the arresting party in Gethsemane, along with their swords and clubs.
• The Sword of Peter — with which he struck off the ear of Malchus, the high priest's servant.
• The Chains — with which Jesus was bound in prison overnight.
• The Spitting Face and Striking Hand — representing the mockery and abuse endured before the Sanhedrin and the soldiers.
• The Washing Hands of Pilate — his gesture of self-exculpation.
• The Trumpet — sounded in mockery on the Way to Calvary.