Parousia is a Greek word meaning "presence" or "arrival," derived from para (beside/near) and ousia (being/essence).
In Christian theology, it primarily refers to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, marking the completion of salvation history and the final judgment.
The term originated in the ancient Greek world to describe the official visit or arrival of a king, dignitary, or deity to a city. In the New Testament, it is used 24 times, with 17 instances specifically referring to Christ’s future return.
While often translated as "Second Coming," the word implies a period of presence rather than just a single instantaneous event. It encompasses the entire eschatological timeline from Christ's initial appearance to the final consummation of the universe.
Different theological traditions interpret the scope of the Parousia differently. Some view it as a single event involving both the Rapture and the final judgment, while others distinguish it from epiphaneia (appearing) and apokalupsis (revelation) to describe separate phases of Christ's return.
Beyond the end times, Parousia can refer to the physical presence of individuals (such as Paul or Titus) visiting a community, or the spiritual presence of Christ in the Eucharist and through the Holy Spirit.