Ars Notoria (or Art of Notorieté) is a medieval grimoire containing a series of horoscopes, prayers and invocations aimed at improving memory, eloquence and general academic abilities. Used by monks to quickly master various subjects, the text was often read or psalmed while the aspirant observed a "nota", a complex drawing that summarizes the essence of the subject being sought. These notes, unlike seals or seals of other grimoire, were drawn with an attention to exquisite detail. The earliest manuscript of Ars Notoria dates back to 1225.